System Failure

System Failure

New World Order

How Banks Replaced Popes Atop Europe's Political Hierarchy

Nathan Knopp's avatar
Nathan Knopp
Jul 13, 2025
∙ Paid

This essay provides a brief history of the origins of the international banking system, which today holds considerable political power over our nominal heads of state. The precursors to the modern banking system began operating soon after the power of the Roman Catholic Church was severely curtailed by the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. The Church had bee…

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